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Corrado Gini (May 23, 1884 – March 13, 1965) was an Italian statistician, demographer and sociologist who developed the Gini coefficient, a measure of the income inequality in a society. Gini was also a leading fascist theorist and ideologue who wrote ''The Scientific Basis of Fascism'' in 1927. Gini was a proponent of organicism and applied it to nations.〔Aaron Gillette. ''Racial theories in fascist Italy''. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA. Pp. 40.〕 ==Career== Gini was born on May 23, 1884, in Motta di Livenza, near Treviso, into an old landed family. He entered the Faculty of Law at the University of Bologna, where in addition to law he studied mathematics, economics, and biology. Gini's scientific work ran in two directions: towards the social sciences and towards statistics. His interests ranged well beyond the formal aspects of statistics—to the laws that govern biological and social phenomena. His first published work was ''Il sesso dal punto di vista statistico'' (1908). This work is a thorough review of the natal sex ratio, looking at past theories and at how new hypothesis fit the statistical data. In particular, it presents evidence that the tendency to produce one or the other sex of child is, to some extent, heritable. In 1910, he acceded to the Chair of Statistics in the University of Cagliari and then at Padua in 1913. He founded the statistical journal ''Metron'' in 1920, directing it until his death; it only accepted articles with practical applications. He became a professor at the Sapienza University of Rome in 1925. At the University, he founded a lecture course on sociology, maintaining it until his retirement. He also set up the School of Statistics in 1928, and, in 1936, the Faculty of Statistical, Demographic and Actuarial Sciences. In 1929, Gini founded the Italian Committee for the Study of Population Problems (''Comitato italiano per lo studio dei problemi della popolazione) '' which, two years later, organised the first Population Congress in Rome. In 1926, he was appointed President of the Central Institute of Statistics in Rome. This he organised as a single centre for Italian statistical services. He resigned in 1932 in protest at interference in his work by the fascist state. Milestones during the rest of his career include: * In 1933 – vice president of the International Sociological Institute. * In 1934 – president of the Italian Genetics and Eugenics Society. * In 1935 – president of the International Federation of Eugenics Societies in Latin-language Countries. * In 1937 – president of the Italian Sociological Society. * In 1941 – president of the Italian Statistical Society. * In 1957 – Gold Medal for outstanding service to the Italian School. * In 1962 – National Member of the Accademia dei Lincei. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Corrado Gini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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